新农村建设亟待破解三题

党的十六届五中全会提出了建设社会主义新农村的重大历史任务。新农村建设需要优先考虑三大问题,即“钱从哪儿来,人到哪儿去,如何管用好人和管好钱”[1]。本文着重就以上三个问题展开了分析,以便为新农村建设提供决策参考。     

劳动收入占比的影响因素研究——基于区域与产业特征互动的视角

文章基于区域与产业特征互动的视角,从理论和实证两个方面分析了影响制造业劳动收入占比的因素。研究结果表明：制造业的资本深化、技术水平提高往往都会伴随着更密集的人力资本投入,导致劳动收入占比提高;市场化进程因弱化了国有企业承担的社会职能,在短期内劳动收入占比往往会下降;地方政府间围绕外资招商展开的竞争,增大了外企资本对工人博弈力量,不利于劳动收入占比提高;在劳动密集型产品国际贸易条件不断恶化背景下,为扩大产品出口需要在产品中镶嵌更多的知识投入,因此伴随一个地区的外贸扩张,其制造业劳动收入占比往往会提高。      

Assessing the impact of taxes on female labor supply using a finite mixture approach

This paper expands the standard analysis of female labor supply to permit preference heterogeneity by using a finite mixture model. Using the extended model, we obtain theory consistent results whereas a traditional model produces a negative substitution effect. We use our model to illustrate the labor supply effects of a tax reform, corresponding to 1983–1992 changes in the Swedish income-tax schedule. The results shows an expected reduction in tax revenues of about 17%. Finally, we use Monte Carlo simulations and show that our proposed mixture model is robust towards different misspecifications. First version received: March 1998/final version accepted: October 1999     

基于中庸之道的企业劳动关系管理

中庸之道蕴涵的人生哲理博大精深,在企业劳动关系处理中具有很强的借鉴意义。把中庸之道应用到现代企业劳动关系管理中,符合当今中国企业发展的潮流。企业要在当前激烈的竞争环境中谋求生存和发展,最大限度的避免劳资纠纷,必须在实践中将中庸之道与现代企业劳动关系管理思想融会贯通。     

浅析国际分工对中国经济的影响

这是迄今为止最庞大、最复杂的系统——国际分工体系,它将世界上几乎所有的国家和地区紧密地联接在一起,彼此相互依赖相互依存,成为决定着世界经济格局和秩序的最终力量。一国参与或加入国际分工体系的方式和模式决定其在世界经济中的地位和影响力,后发国家要想实现跨域式发展,不参加国际分工是难以想象的,但并不是参加进去就万事大吉,其实后续的路程更加具有挑战性,是决定一国经济发展成败与否的关键因素。     

中国集体劳动关系的政府规制:从“自发救济”到“制度救济”——基于相关文献的研究

随着经济体制的转型,我国的劳动力市场也发生了相应的变化,进而导致了劳动关系也面临着两个转变:由计划经济下的分配用工制度向合同制度转变,由个别劳动关系向集体劳动关系转化的阶段。在两个转变过程中,劳动关系双方的矛盾逐渐显现,出现了集体劳动关系的"自发救济"现象,并且越来越频繁。为了明确解决集体劳动关系"自发救济"的最佳途径,文章主要采用文献回顾的方法进行了研究。     

Enter the Dragon: Have Imports from China Hurt Wages in Manufacturing?

While it is often argued that imports from China are depressing manufacturing wages in recipient countries, this has never been tested using cross‐country data. This article investigates the effect of increased import penetration from China on the wages of workers (total, skilled and unskilled) in the manufacturing sector of 100 economies from 1976 to 2008. The econometric analysis finds no evidence suggesting that import penetration of manufactured goods from China has a statistically significant effect on real manufacturing wages (skilled, unskilled and total) in either developed or developing economies. This may be because Chinese exports are too heterogeneous to strongly affect any particular industry in recipient economies or because foreign consumers are differentiating products made in China from those made locally based on country and brand loyalty and preconceived notions of quality.     

中国城乡二元经济结构转化的影响 因素分解：1981-2009年

本文在理论层面对“刘易斯-费景汉-拉尼斯模型”进行了拓展，指出二元经济结构集中表现为城乡居民存在收入差距，这种差距与城乡两部门的劳动力-人口的转化、经济产出-居民收入的转化以及劳动力-经济产出的转化紧密相关。二元经济结构可被分解为四种因素：收入产出比差距、资本产出比差距、资本劳动比差距和劳动参与率差距。基于这种因素分解法，实证分析得出：1981-2009年，在我国的二元经济结构中，收入产出比差距、资本产出比差距、资本劳动比差距和劳动参与率差距的年均贡献度分别为-6876%，-1373%，16435%和1814%，而劳动生产率差距的年均贡献度为15062%。我国二元经济结构转化的主要影响因素是劳动生产率差距（尤其是资本劳动比差距）和劳动参与率差距，这源于农村劳动力非农化流转伴随着农村资本形成相对迟缓以及农村人口迁移相对滞后。基于这些结论可以给出新时期我国推进二元经济结构转化的若干政策建议。     

基层工会组织开展“创先争优”活动存在的问题与对策研究

文章通过对基层工会组织开展"创先争优"活动存在的问题进行梳理、归类、分析,提出了相应的对策和建议,具有一定的参考意义。     

Are Lone Mothers Responsive to Policy Changes? Evidence from a Workfare Reform in a Generous Welfare State*

There is a heated debate in many developed countries about how to design a welfare system that moves lone mothers off welfare and into work. We analyze the consequences of a major Norwegian workfare reform of the generous welfare system for lone mothers. The reform imposed work requirements and time limits on welfare receipt, while raising in‐work benefits. Our difference‐in‐differences estimates show that the reform was successful in improving labor‐market participation and in increasing the earnings of lone mothers. However, the reform was associated with income loss and increased poverty among a sizeable subgroup of lone mothers, who were unable to offset the loss of out‐of‐work benefits with gains in earnings.